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Penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the Galapagos penguin, found north of the equator.
Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have evolved into flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life caught while swimming underwater. They spend about half of their lives on land and half in the oceans.
The largest living species is the emperor penguin, adults are about 3 ft 7 in tall and weigh 77 lbs. The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin also known as the fairy penguin, which stands around 16 in tall and weighs 2.2 lbs.
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